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Science is a body of knowledge that accumulates over generations. Even when an individual reaches the wrong conclusions, he or she paves the way for those who follow. (Albert Einstein swept aside many of the theories of Isaac Newton, but if there had never been a Newton, there never could have been an Einstein.) This section gives biographies of just some of the people — scientists, artists and collectors — who contributed to what we know today.

Biographies appear roughly in chronological order. If you're looking for a particular individual, you can try the <Control>+<F> keyboard shortcut or the site's search page.

Herodotus
Aristotle
Theophrastus
Lucretius
Pliny the Elder
Pausanias
Roger Bacon
Leonardo da Vinci
Albrecht Dürer
Georg Bocskay and Joris Hoefnagel
Paracelsus
Ambroise Paré
Bernard Palissy
Conrad Gesner
Ulisse Aldrovandi
Francis Bacon
Tradescant and Ashmole
Ole Worm
Niels Stensen
Carolus Clusius
Cesi and the Linceans
Athanasius Kircher
Agostino Scilla
Descartes
Robert Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Jan Swammerdam
Frederik Ruysch
John Ray
Hans Sloane
Johann Jakob Scheuchzer
Johann Bartholomew Adam Beringer
Diderot and d'Alembert
Maria Sybilla Merian
G.E. Rumphius
Albertus Seba
Linnaeus
Erasmus Darwin
Benjamin Franklin
William Bartram
Sir Joseph Banks
Sydney Parkinson
Ferdinand Bauer
Giovanni Arduino
Abraham Gottlob Werner
James Hutton
Antoine Lavoisier
Buffon
Georges Cuvier
Lamarck
Thomas Jefferson
William Paley
Mary Anning
William Buckland
Gideon Mantell
John James Audubon
Alexander von Humboldt
William Conybeare
Robert Chambers
Joachim Barrande
Adam Sedgwick
Roderick Impey Murchison
Henry De la Beche
Edward Hitchcock
William Smith
John Phillips
Charles Lyell
Robert Grant
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russel Wallace
Henry Walter Bates
Philip Henry Gosse
Louis Agassiz
Sir Richard Owen
Thomas Henry Huxley
Joseph Hooker
Harry Govier Seeley
Louis Dollo
Fuhlrott and Schaaffhausen
Ernst Haeckel
Francis Galton
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
John Martin
Thomas Hawkins
Gregor Mendel
Joseph Leidy
Edward Drinker Cope
O.C. Marsh
Charles Sternberg
Arthur Lakes
Barnum Brown
Ernst Stromer
Alfred Wegener
Arthur Holmes
C.D. Walcott
Eugène Dubois
Henry Fairfield Osborn
Roy Chapman Andrews
Charles R. Knight
Raymond Dart
Rosalind Franklin
Louis Leakey
Mary Leakey
Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska
Women in Paleontology

Illustrations shown on this page from:
Hunting Dinosaurs by Louie Psiyoyos
Fossils, Evidence of Vanished Worlds by Yvette Gayrard-Valy
On Monsters and Marvels by Ambroise Paré
See References for more information.

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Narrative text and graphic design © 1998-2008 by Michon Scott - Updated February 16, 2008